Parameterized builds
It is possible to parameterize your builds in Jenkins. Create a new job and name it Parameterized Project
or whatever. Now, almost at the top of the configuration is an option This project is parameterized
. Check it and add a parameter. There are a couple of parameters and some plugins will add additional parameters. Most of them are pretty straightforward and all of them are explained in the help text. Let's go with a string parameter for simplicity. Pick a single word name, such as YourText
, an optional default value, and an optional description:

Let your build run on Linux and add a shell script build step. That is where we can use any parameters:
echo $YourText
If you go back to the project page, you will notice that the Build
button changed to Build with Parameters
. If you try to run the build, you will be prompted with the parameters that you have to select first:

And if you build, you will, of course, see your text in the build output.
Another plugin, which you should...