Getting acquainted with three functional techniques in the higher-order function

We discussed that in the first-class function, the C++ language treats the functions as the value, which means we can pass them to the other functions, assign to variables, and so on. However, we have another term in functional programming, that is, a higher-order function, which are functions that work on other functions. It means the higher-order function can pass functions as the argument and can also return a function.

The higher-order function concept can be applied to the function in general, like in a mathematical function, instead of the first-class function concept that can only be applied in the functional programming language. Now, let's examine the three most useful higher-order functions in functional programming--map, filter, and fold.

Executing each element list using map

We won't talk about map as a container in the C++ language, but a feature in the higher-order function instead. This feature is...