Xamarin.Android is used to build apps for Android with .NET and contains bindings to the Android APIs. The Mono runtime and the Android Runtime (ART) run side by side on top of a Linux kernel. Xamarin.Android apps could either be Just-In-Time (JIT)-compiled or AOT-compiled, but to AOT-compile them, we need to use Visual Studio Enterprise.
Communication between the Mono runtime and ART occurs via a Java Native Interface (JNI) bridge. There are two types of JNI bridges—Manage Callable Wrapper (MCW) and Android Callable Wrapper (ACW). An MCW is used when code needs to run in ART and an ACW is used when ART needs to run code in the Mono runtime, as shown:
