Control structures

Control structures are used to control the flow of program execution. The most common forms are the if statements, for loops, and switch statements. Go also supports the goto statement, but should be reserved for cases of extreme performance and not used regularly. Let's look briefly at each of these to understand the syntax.

if

The if statement comes with the if, else if, and else clauses, just like most other languages. The one interesting feature that Go has is the ability to put a statement before the condition, creating temporary variables that are discarded after the if statement has completed.

This example demonstrates the various ways to use an if statement:

package main

import (
   "fmt"
   "math/rand"
)

func main() {
   x := rand.Int()

   if x < 100 {
      fmt.Println("x is less than 100.")
   }

   if x < 1000 {
      fmt.Println("x is less than 1000.")
   } else if x < 10000 {
      fmt.Println("x is less than 10,000.")
   } else {
      fmt.Println...