The internet

Before we dive into understanding communication protocols, let's understand how the internet works since it is the backbone in the concept of IoT.

The internet is a global network of computers/systems connected to each other. Each system/computer has a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address as its identifier over the internet. But how exactly does one system interact with another? Through a protocol stack. It is also referred to as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or IP protocol stack.

This table will help you understand TCP/IP:

Layer	Description
Application protocol	Specific to application such as FTP, email, HTTP, MQTT, Socket, and the others.
Transmission control protocol	It is a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a connection between applications so that data transmission can take place.
Internet protocol	It directs the message/packet to a specific system using an IP address.
Hardware	It converts binary data packets into network signals.

 

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