In the old days of PHP, developers used MySQL functions (https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.mysql.php) to manage MySQL databases. Then, the MySQLi extension (https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.mysqli.php) came to replace MySQL functions, which are now deprecated. However, now, developers are encouraged to use PHP Data Objects (PDO) (https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.pdo.php). PDO is a built-in PHP interface abstraction, just like PSR-7 and PSR-15 are. It is a data-access abstraction layer that provides a consistent interface (a unified API) for accessing and managing databases (for example, MySQL and PostgreSQL), which means regardless of which database you are using, you use the same functions to query and fetch data. It supports the following databases:
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Note that PDO is a data-access abstraction layer, not a database abstraction...
