Exceptions
Most Java programming guidelines, including the book Effective Java, promote the concept of validity checks. This means that we should always verify arguments or the state of the object and throw an exception if a validity check fails. Java exception systems have two kinds of exceptions: checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions.
An unchecked exception means that the developer is not forced to catch exceptions by using a try... catch block. By default, exceptions go all the way up the call stack, so we make decisions where to catch them. If we forget to catch them, they will go all the way up the call stack and stop thread execution with a proper message (thus they remind us):
Java has a really strong exception system, which in many cases forces developers to explicitly mark each function that may throw an exception and explicitly catch each exception by surrounding them with try... catch blocks (checked exceptions). This works great for very small projects, but in real large...
