Covariance and correlation
Next, we're going to talk about covariance and correlation. Let's say I have two different attributes of something and I want to see if they're actually related to each other or not. This section will give you the mathematical tools you need to do so, and we'll dive into some examples and actually figure out covariance and correlation using Python. These are ways of measuring whether two different attributes are related to each other in a set of data, which can be a very useful thing to find out.
Defining the concepts
Imagine we have a scatter plot, and each one of the data points represents a person that we measured, and we're plotting their age on one axis versus their income on another. Each one of these dots would represent a person, for example their x value represents their age and the y value represents their income. I'm totally making this up, this is fake data.

Now if I had a scatter plot that looks like the left one in the preceding image, you see that these...