Basic overview

Before starting, we fly a little bit under some network basics, starting from the multi-layered model and the encapsulation and de-encapsulation concept, through some other technical information.

OSI model

The OSI model is a conceptual model that is used to describe how data flows in a network from one device to another. We know that there are seven layers, and layer 1 is the lowest. For details, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model:

The OSI model

Encapsulation and de-encapsulation

Information that is transmitted over the network must undergo a process of conversion at the sending and receiving ends of the communication. The conversion process is encapsulation and de-encapsulation. For details, refer to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulation_(networking).

Broadcasting, unicasting, and multicasting

Broadcastingtransmits a packet that will be received by every device on the network. The broadcast is limited to a broadcast domain:

Broadcast

Unicasting specifies one-to-one...