Chapter 11: Troubleshooting and Monitoring Your Workloads

1. To be able to log in into the virtual machine console, you'll need a username and password. If the Azure Agent is not reachable, you can't reset the credentials or create a password for users that are normally able to log in via SSH.
2. To collect all the standard output, syslog messages, and related messages from the kernel, systemd processes, and the units.
3. Syslog is using the following list of severities (per application):
   • Alert: action must be taken immediately
   • Critical: critical conditions
   • Error: error conditions
   • Warning: warning conditions
   • Notice: normal but significant condition
   • Informational: informational messages
   • Debug: debug-level messages
4. Use logger or systemd-cat. You can use that if an application or script doesn't have syslog support. Another option is to add logging entries as a part of your change-management.
5. Per virtual machine metrics and the Microsoft Operations Management Suite.
6. There are several shortcomings in the top utility: for instance, you can't see short-lived processes. The atop and dstatutilities are solutions to this problem. 
7. sysstat utilities provides historical data; dstat provides real-time monitoring.
8. It makes the collection of data coming from tcpdump easier to read and it has great analysis potential.