Driver manipulation

Device drivers allow an operating system such as Windows to talk to hardware devices such as printers. Sophisticated attackers may dive deep into the device drivers and manipulate them so that they undermine security on your computer. They could also take control of the audio and video of the computer, they could stop your anti-virus software from running, or your data could be exposed to someone else. There are two main techniques for driver manipulating, and these are as follows:

• Shimming: A shimis a small library that transparently intercepts API calls and changes the arguments passed. They also can be used for running programs on different software platforms than they were developed for. Normally, it is to help third-party software applications work with an operating system.
• Refactoring: Refactoring is the process of changing a computer program's internal structure without modifying its external functional behavior or existing functionality.