Accessing flash memory from Linux
Raw NOR and NAND flash memory is handled by the Memory Technology Device subsystem, or MTD, which provides basic interfaces to read, erase, and write blocks of flash memory. In the case of NAND flash, there are also functions to handle the OOB area and to identify bad blocks.
For managed flash, you need drivers to handle the particular hardware interface. MMC/SD cards and eMMC use the mmcblk
driver; CompactFlash and hard drives use the SCSI disk driver, sd
. USB flash drives use the usb_storage
driver together with the sd
driver.
Memory technology devices
The MTD subsystem was started by David Woodhouse in 1999 and has been extensively developed over the intervening years. In this section, I will concentrate on the way it handles the two main technologies, NOR and NAND flash.
MTD consists of three layers: a core set of functions, a set of drivers for various types of chips, and user-level drivers that present the flash memory as a character device or a block...